Blog 14 due 4/17

The macro-level factors related to cumulative trauma are historical trauma, pervasive institutional discrimination, and a hostile national context. The microlevel traumatic experiences are interpersonal discrimination and microaggressions. This level also included struggles with identity and recognition. Some of the outcomes for MENA Americans are hopelessness, insecurity, and alienation. Not all MENA people are Muslims, and not all Muslims are MENA. Adjusting to the American society can be hard as well which can lead to culture shock, issues with language barriers, and social exclusions. People come to America in hopes to achieve the American Dream or even just a better life. They end up experiencing some traumatic events which lead them to anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Trauma is not linear so the events can have various effects on each individual. My definition of resilience is when a person knows that what they are going to face for the day will be a difficult challenge, but still figures out a way to overcome it. For example, Hiba left for Syria when she was ten years old. I'm assuming she was old enough to understand why she had to leave, but I am sure it was a confusing concept. She had drawings illustrating what she was going through. To have to go through a traumatic move when you don't know exactly where you are going, how to swim, etc. has lasting effects on anyone, but especially a ten-year-old child. Her mother wounded her leg but still made it which is a sign of resiliency. The child wanting to grow up so she can help others is another sign of resiliency from the Youtube video. 


Atkin, N.D. (2021). HDFS 280: Defining Family & Family Diversity 

[Lecture notes 26]. Retrieved from http://mycourses.purdue.edu

Awad, G. H., Kia-Keating, M., & Amer, M. M. (2019). A model of cumulative racial–ethnic trauma among Americans of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) descent. American Psychologist, 74(1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000344

Hiba's Story: Ten-year old Syrian refugee

Sensoy, O. & DiAngelo, R. (2017). Is everyone really equal ?An introduction to key concepts in social justice education (2nd ed.). Teachers College Press.

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